Lulu and Nana and Scott

Please note that the original version of this post on CRISPR babies Lulu and Nana was written in 2018. It can be read below this update. Also see the wiki on the “He Jiankui Affair“. Our interest in CRISPR gene editing is focused on its potential use to cure hair loss.

Update: February 5, 2023 — Scientist who edited babies’ genes says he acted too quickly. And his ghost is still haunting geneticists at conferences.

Update: February 1, 2023

Dr. He Jiankui is out of Prison

Dr. He Jiankui joined Twitter a few months ago after coming out of prison. He just gave an encouraging update on Lulu and Nana that I have embedded below. I hope this is not a fake account! So far, it sounds legitimate. Mr. Jiankui wants to resume experimenting in the lab.

Also, whatever happened to Scott (see bottom half of this post)?

Happy New Year from Jiankui’s family.

November 26, 2018

Lulu and Nana

Huge news from China, where scientists claim to have used CRISPR/Cas9 to genetically modify human babies for the first time in history. The two female babies are named Lulu and Nana. Not sure what to think about the ethics of all this as yet, but I like what Dr. Jiankui He has to say about genes not defining you:

“Our DNA does not predetermine our purpose or what we could achieve. We flourish from our own hard work, nutrition, and support from society and our loved ones. Whatever our genes may be, we are equal in dignity and potential.”

In this particular case, the volunteer fathers all have HIV and they want to make sure that their progeny do not suffer from the terrible disease of AIDS. One article on this tory is titled: Chinese scientists are creating CRISPR babies. The scientists plan is to eliminate a gene called CCR5, so as to ensure that the human offspring are then resistant to HIV (as well as smallpox and cholera).

Note that some media reports are placing doubt on the accuracy of these claims and the methodology used.

Update: Dr. George Church seems to think that this is for real:

“I have been in contact with the Shenzhen team and have seen the data. The sequencing assays used are generally unambiguous, especially when done in multiple cell types at different developmental stages and in two children. Is the genie really out of the bottle? Yes.”

First Gene Edited Babies Claimed in China

The below video (and associated story) from the He Lab’s YouTube channel has caused much global controversy.

November 24, 2018

Scott Tries a New Hair System

I was thinking of adding Scott’s latest video about his new hair system to my original lengthy post on his hair system. However, there are already three other videos on there, including a before one. So I am adding it below. I like this hair system better than the first one.

Key Hair Related Genes Discovered

September 22, 2023

A new study analyzed the contribution of rare variants to male pattern hair loss (MPHL) etiology. Past genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 600 independent genetic risk variants for MPHL at more than 350 genomic loci. But virtually all of these have been common variants.

The research team performed gene-based and single-variant analyses in exome-sequencing data from 72,469 male UK Biobank participants. While rare variants make only a minor contribution to general MPHL risk, the scientists identified a total of five significant gene associations.

January 10, 2023

Humans Still Have the Genes for a Full Coat of Body Hair

Several readers recently sent me links to new findings in relation to human and mammalian hair genes. Apparently, human still have the genes for a full coat of hair (or fur), which is not surprising to me. I have no shortage of body hair, although the hair on my back is mostly fine non-terminal hair. Men with excessive body hair tend to go bald more extensively and at a younger age.

The scientists (Dr. Nathan Clark, Dr. Amanda Kowalczyk and Dr. Maria Chikina) behind this latest work state that:

“It could eventually lead to new ways to recover hair after balding”.

This study was a first-of-its-kind comparison of genetic codes from so many animals (62). The research team surveyed 19,149 genes and 343,598 regulatory regions across the mammalian species. It is quite extraordinary that so many different mammals (including humans) have used different strategies to deactivate a common set of genes. All in order to shed their hair and fur.

Make sure to also read my posts on CRISPR and on gene modification via NgAgo.

March 1, 2016

Hair Related Genes

A major discovery was just announced today and widely covered by the global media (e.g., see the BBC article, Telegraph summary and Washington Post article).

The main Nature Communications human hair genome diagram pasted below is quite a visual.

Hair Genes
Hair genes. Genetic link for a monobrow. Nature 531, 143 (2016).

Key genes for grey hair, monobrows, hair thickness, hair shape and more were discovered by a team led by Dr. Kaustubh Adhikari. The global media has largely focused on the grey hair issue.

Interestingly, the team did all their research in Latin America, the global hotspot of human genetic diversity due to the region’s large populations of Caucasoids/Whites, Natives/Indians and Negroids/Blacks. Brazil is also home to the largest population of Japanese (Mongoloids) outside of Japan. An impressive 6,630 volunteers were studied. Key discoveries:

  • The IRF4 gene’s presence seems correlated with an earlier loss of hair color. Also see my posts on the cure for grey hair and grey hair reversal.
  • Unibrows (or monobrows) are associated with a gene called PAX3.
  • The EDAR gene is associated with straight scalp hair and sparse facial hair — both of which are common features in East Asian men.
  • The PRSS53 gene is linked to curly hair.

Some interesting quotes:

“The finding could mean that changing hair or eye color could be possible without using dyes. It would simply be a matter of taking a drug which changed the expression of certain genes to alter appearance, turning blondes into brunettes or preventing grey hair.”

“Preventing grey hair is a possibility and even reversing grey hair might not be impossible. Once we know more about the pigmentation process, and all the genes involved it should be easy to find a protein or enzyme to up-regulate or down-regulate the activity.”

One interesting implication for the cosmetics industry is that hair appearance could in the future be modified as it is formed underneath the skin. As opposed to after exiting from the skin surface, which is the current norm with hair dyes and hair straighteners.