Every time that I think I have heard it all when it comes to potential hair loss cures or partial solutions with some merit, something new and totally unexpected comes along. Recently, one of my blog readers “Peter” (who is also commenting in this post) sent me a link to the following interesting 1977 paper:
New Treatment for Seborrheic Alopecia: The Ligature of the Arteries of the Scalp
In essence, this doctor shut off (= ligature) two arteries near the face and scalp region. Lo and behold, balding slowed down in 76 percent of the 1,300 !!) patients on whom he performed this procedure (10 percent of whom were female). Moreover, 17 percent of patients saw regrowth in previously bald regions. The two arteries that were ligated were the temporal superficial artery and the posterior auricular artery.
The below image from wikipedia commons shows the location of those two arteries (first and third arrows from the top):
It should be noted that seborrheic alopecia is not exactly the same as androgenic alopecia. However, the above procedure should also work for androgenic alopecia as according to the article:
“If we accept that the main androgen hormone active on the skin target cells is dihydrotestosterone, a metabolite of circulating testosterone, then the enzymatic control of the alpha-reduction of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone is assumed by the 5-alpha-reductase. If this enzyme can be inhibited in the scalp, seborrheic alopecia will probably be reduced.
One of the most powerful non-toxic enzyme inhibitors is hypoxia. Through surgery, by ligature of the scalp arteries, hypoxia can be induced in the scalp (by reducing the speed of the normal blood flow through replacing the arterial flow by capillaries and by obtaining a diminished P02 in the ligated area). By creating hypoxia in the scalp, testosterone metabolism will be reduced and the condition improved.”
Note that “hypoxia” means oxygen deprivation. Besides a slowing down or reversal in balding, the conclusion of the article also states that sebum production in the study participants’ scalp was reduced. Subsequently, the condition of their hair follicles was strikingly improved. Including a reduction in dandruff, itching and greasiness.
For myself, the worst part of slowly losing hair over the past decade has been the associated scalp itching, dandruff and sebum. Dandruff shampoos have helped a lot in combating this problem, but some days are still annoying.
One interesting thing about this artery ligation procedure is that it reduces blood flow to the scalp. Over the years, I have read many expert and non-expert opinions that increased blood flow to the scalp can lead to better quality hair. However, it seems like normal blood flow is causing balding in susceptible individuals in the first place via supplying androgens to the scalp. So reduced blood flow can in fact help the hair. Who would have ever thought?!
Finally, I should mention that the reader who sent me the link to the above study from 1977 also sent me another link from a more recent slightly related study from 2014: cessation of hairline recession following open forehead rejuvenation. I do not think that this second study entails any type of artery ligature, but have not tried to find the full study.
I am guessing that this new procedure does nothing for crown region balding. The surgeon (Dr. Guyuron) who is the lead author of this second study has authored a detailed write-up on forehead rejuvenation.
Update: Also make sure check out this related interesting article on malocclusion and hair loss (in a dental setting).
NOTE: I would never ever go for such procedures and would advise readers to do the same. Very few doctors would have done something like this just for hair loss. The potential side effects are significant if the surgery is performed by an inexperienced person (and even experienced surgeons can have bad results). Moreover, there is no guarantee than your androgenic alopecia will be cured with such procedures.
Even a slowdown in the rate of balding is not guaranteed, based on the 76 percent success rate I discussed earlier. I would also like to find out how those of the 1,300 patients who are still alive feel about their procedure today. Did their hair loss restart after a few years Did they get any pain or necrosis in the long term? Was it okay to have a permanent reduction in scalp blood flow for decades?
Hi admin! Thank you for all the time you spend with this blog :) you really make me feel comfortable knowing that there are so many things that can be done (and they soon will!) for our hair loss. I think we are getting closer.
I just have a question: is finasteride not working 100% for you? I don’t take it but I’ve heard that most of people at least keep their hair and prevent from further loss after they start taking it. Is your hair loss still progressing?
Thank you
Thanks Viviane. We are definitely getting closer.
I take around half the dose of Finasteride that you are supposed to (I take 1.25 mg every two days instead of 1mg per day). I am certain it has helped me, especially in the crown region. However, I still lose some hair, and none of my hair can grow long any more. I am reluctant to increase the dose because I think Finasteride might have made me gain some weight, although I am not certain about that (could just be getting older and sitting on a computer a lot throughout the day).
Maybe I will raise my dose later this year if I can commit to eating less and exercising more:-)
I’ve never heard of people who gained weight from finasteride but it seems that anything can happen when you take this drug! Anyway I think you should give it a try and see how it goes. You can lower the dosage again if you need to. :)
Good luck!
Its actually reported by a lot of men on forums…since you get more circulating estrogen (i.e., you become slightly more feminine) when on Fin, and women tend to have a bit more fat than men. Some men get gynecomastia from Fin — i.e., fatty breasts!
In any case, I will not know for sure until I exercise more and reduce my caloric intake. Could very well just all by my lifestyle and have nothing to do with Fin or even age.
I had ligatures of both my temporal and both my occipital scalp arteries done 32 years ago, and I stopped losing my hair. I did not regrow any frontal hair I lost, but the recession stopped. My crown is as thick as when I was an adolescent. I’ve had absolutely no problems from this procedure. At age 56 I still have about 85-90 percent of my hair. The arterial irrigation is replaced with capillary irrigation, so the overall scalp circulation is still good, with about a 20 percent reduction, but this procedure worked for me
How and where can you get scalp artery ligature???
This is crazy ,they should check those patients again for similar diseases.
Procedure cant be healthy at all.
They did a check up. If you read to the end of the article you will see a histologist study which showed the operation improved the cellular life of hair follicles a year after surgery.
Yeah sure after a year. How about long term though.
I had ligatures of my temporal and occipital scalp arteries ligated thirty years ago, back in 1985, and my hair loss stopped. I only receded and thinned a bit in the frontal hairline, while the rest of my scalp remained extremely thick and full. I had both my temporal and both my occipital scalp arteries ligated. The occipital arteries go to the crown, where men also go bald, but my crown is as thick as it was as a teenager, I even still have the Dennis The Menace hair sticking up from the swirl. I would advise having ligatures, but from what I was told, doctors are no longer doing this procedure. Ciao
Ligatures of the scalp arteries definitely works for male pattern hair loss. I had my ligatures done 31 years ago, and I stopped losing my hair, but I didn’t regrow lost frontal hairline hair. The rest of my scalp is as thick as when I was a teenager, and I am now 55 years old. The crispy orange frontal hair I had turned back to supple dark brown. Ligatures definitely works, and I am living proof
Matthew, I had ligatures done to my temporal and occipital scalp arteries 32 years ago, and my hair is fine. I stopped losing my hair, but I did not regrow lost hair. At age 56 I still have about 90 percent of my hair. This procedure works and has no side effects
I had ligatures done 32 years ago, and I stopped losing my hair. At age 56 I still have about 90 percent of my hair. Ligatures work. It also improves the hair. I am living proof
I am 32 years out since having ligatures and I have kept all my hair, less my recession. The hair on top of my head is as thick as when I was an adolescent, and I am 56 years old, and no gray. Ligatures worked for me, and at my age, I still have 90 percent of my hair.
At this…When we have a new effective and safe treatment for Androgenetic Alopecia?
5-10 years. There has been way too many advances in the last 8-10 years for a new safe and effective AGA reversal to not be here before long. It’s a race to be the first to the market for hair loss . Bimatoprost, Replicel, Histogen, Setipiprant, numerous cloning advancements…
Have you looked into the areas relating DHT to bone growth? I have noticed skull expansion in many people with hair loss, certainly my head shape has increased over the years leading to a tighter scalp / trapped sebum etc.. The only thing to stop my hair loss and improve my scalp condition has been massaging to keep my scalp loose and increased blood flow. I wonder if this study prevented DHT from doing its androgenic job localised to head, or even maybe promoted new micro networks to make up for this ligature..
Very interesting observation. My head has definitely grown a bit since I started balding, but I am not sure about the skull… the face for sure.
Hello, I had the ligatures of superficial scalp arteries done thirty years ago, in June of 1985, and my hair loss stopped. I only had a receding hairline, with some thinning in the peak, but it has stopped. At almost age 55 I still have about 90 percent of my hair, and it’s extremely thick and virtually no gray. I had both my temporal and both my occipital scalp arteries ligated, the occipital go to the crown where men also bald. My crown is as thick as when I was a teenager, I still have the Dennis The Menace hair sticking up from the swirl. I still communicate with the doctor who sent me to Houston, Texas for the ligatures, and he assures me that transplants for the frontal hairline would work well for me. But, I am disabled and have not worked in 16 years, so I cannot afford transplants. If, one day, I can afford transplants, I will have them done. I only need about 1,000-1500 grafts to restore my frontal hairline. I wanted to share my ligature experience here. Ciao
Peter thanks a lot for your interesting comment! So you had this procedure done just to stop hair loss? Very bold (and a bit reckless) of you I suppose, but congratulations on the success. Is your doctor still active?
The surgeon who did my ligatures is in his late eighties now, if he’s still alive. His name is Paul Wintle Des Ruisseaux, and he works out of Houston, Texas.
No, I don’t know if this doctor is still living. He was in his mid-50s 32 years ago when he did my ligatures. But this procedure did work. At age 56 I still have about 90 percent of my hair, and it is very healthy. The recession did not regrow, but it stopped.
It was not reckless, it’s a very simple procedure. Only superficial scalp arteries are ligated, so the incisions are not deep. The entire procedure took about 90 minutes, and I went back to work the very next day. The scars are not visible on the sides and hair covers the ones in the back of the head. This procedure also improved my hair’s texture. It works and it is easy
The surgeon who did my ligaqtures would be in his late eighties now, if still alive. I had my ligatures done 32 years ago, and my hair loss completely stopped. My hair is very thick and healthy, I only have a hairline recession, but I can hide it well by the hair style I use. From what I was told, this procedure isn’t done anymore, with improved hair transplants.
It was not reckless, it’s a very simple procedure. The scalp arteries are just under the skin, the entire procedure took 90 minutes. Very simple, and at age 56 I still have 90 percent of my hair.
This surgeon was in his fifties when he did my ligatures, so he would now be in his late eighties, if he’s still alive. His name is Paul Wintle Des Ruisseaux, he’s French Canadian.
I read in a study somewhere that the T to DHT metabolism is actually increased in hypoxic condition. Is it possible that Peter Renardo would not have gone bald anyways with or without the operation?
There’s no way of knowing if I would have continued to bald, unless they were to go into my DNA and see if I am genetically predisposed to extensive pattern hair loss. All I know is I stiopped losing my hair and the frontal hair got stronger, darker and less brittle. I did not regrow my receded hairline, but the hair loss evolution completely stopped. My crown is as thick as when I was an adolescent. I lose 2 or 3 hairs when I wash my hair in the sink, and they’re long pigmented hairs. I have absolutely no hair miniaturization anywhere on my scalp. At age 55, I still have about 90 percent of my hair
There’s no way of knowing, but my frontal hair used to be dry, orange and brittle, but it has returned to dark brown and supple after having the ligatures. I have relatives who kept their hair, and some who went bald. There’s no way of knowing how bald I would have gone, but a dermatologist did tell me I was going to go bald back to the crown, and I didn’t.
Hi Admin,
Interesting theory that hypoxia in the scalp can reduce hairloss. Here’s a study where male participants were given Botox in the scalp, on the presumption that relaxing the scalp muscles increases blood flow to the hair follicles, and DHT doesn’t like hypoxic environments. 75% of men noticed improvement in hair:
http://www.jwatch.org/jd201111100000001/2011/11/10/growing-hair-with-botox
Nonsesnse. The only cause for male pattern hairloss is testosterone in the blood. Poor circulation does not cause male pattern hair loss, neither do muscles. The hair follicles are just under the skin, not down deep where muscles are.
Thanks Ddr.
FYI — at the bottom of the below article are a few comments about artery ligature, including some from Peter Renardo:
http://www.regrowhair.com/non-surgical-hair-loss-treatments/all-inclusive-overview-of-hair-loss-treatment-solutions/
I am one of the individuals who had ligatures of my superficial scalp arteries. I had both my temporal and both my occipital scalp arteries ligated, way back in 1985. After more than thirty years, I can honestly say that the ligatures worked. At age 55, I still have 90 percent of my hair, and it’s very thick, healthy and shiny. I did not regrow the loss in my frontal hairline, but the evolution of male pattern baldness stopped completely. My crown is still as thick as when I was an adolescent. I even still have the Dennis The Menace hair sticking up from the swirl
Why twice? Nerve damage?
The ligature procedure was very simple, and the pain was not bad at all. It only took about 90 minutes to ligate all four arteries, and I went back to work the next day. The two incisions in front of my sideburns you cannot see now, 31 years later, and only two occipital incisions can be found if my hair is combed and parted open, but they’re thin lines and the thickness of my hair makes it impossible to see. This was the best thing I did to stem my pattern hair loss. At age 55, I still have about 90 percent of my hair, and I only need fue transplatns to strengthen the frontal hairline, maybe 1,500 grafts. I cannot afford fue transplants because I am disbled for life from a severe spinal injury. Since 2000 I’ve had 19 major surgeries, including nine spinal surgeries, including two-level fusions into my sacrum, the implant and reveision surgeries of a spinal cord stimulator for Arachnoiditis neuropathic pain, both hips replaced, my right knee replaced and my right shoulder replaced. So, I cannot afford fue transplants. I am hoping to find a hair transplant doctor who will offer me gratis fue transplants. Maybe one day I can find one
I hope so too Peter and thanks again for your great and highly interesting comments on this subject.
maybe the ligature of the temporal veins brings more blood to flow through the veins that lead to the crown and forehead
The crown is irrigated from the two occipital arteries at the back of the head.
The temporal arteris brings blood to the frontal hairline area. But, capillary irrigation replaces arterial irrigation, so the irrigation continues to the front of the head. The occipital arteries at the back of the head feeds the crown
No. The temporal arteries only feed the front and front-top of the head, while the occipital arteries feed the crown. But, capillary irrigation replaces temporal irrigation. This procedure definitely works, as I still have 90 percent of my hair at age 56
Blood flow has nothing to do with stopping male pattern hair loss. Dead corpses’ hair still grows. It’s the testosterone in the blood that causes male pattern hair loss. Eliminate the testosterone, and male pattern hair loss remains dormant. If a man is completely castrated, he will not lose his hair.
No, temporal ligatures does not increase blood to the crown. It is not blood flow that make hair grow. It’s hormones. The overall scalp circulation is reduced by only 20 percent. I still have excellent scalp circulation because I cut the top of my head and I bled like a stuck pig.
Peter are you still following? I would’ve couple questions about your surgery. Thanks
Mike, what do you want to know? This procedure was very easy and post-surgical pain is minimal. The surgeon who did my ligatures said I had large arteries, and he said the procedure would work better for me. No, I did not regrow lost hair, but the remaining hair stayed fairly strong and healthy. I used to have red, dry, crispy frontal hair, but it returned to dark brown and silky. Like I said, I did not regrow lost hair, but my hair loss is minimal. I still have about 90 percent of my hair, and my crown area is as thick as when I was an adolescent. My pattern hair loss stopped, as it’s been over 31 years, and at age 55 I still have a thick head of hair. I am looking into getting fue transplants in the hairline area, I only need about 1,500 grafts.
Mike, I had this surgery done 32 years ago, I don’t even know if my surgeon is still living, he would be about 90 years old today.
No, I am not following, I never did. I do nothing to my hair, except wash my hair with Head and Shoulders shampoo, also coal tar shampoo.
It has been 31 years since I had my superficial scalp artery ligatures, and I can honestly say this procedure worked for me. I did not regrow any lost hair, but my hair loss stopped. At age 55 I still have about 90 percent of my hair. The overall scalp circulation is reduced only 20 percent, as the arterial irrigation is replaced with capillary irrigation, so hair transplants will work.
I had temporal and occipital scalp artery ligatures done 31 years ago, and my hair loss stopped. I did not regrow lost hair, but my remaining hair stayed very thick and healthy. The reduction of circulation is only 20 percent, but capillary irrigation replaces arterial irrigation. This procedure definitely works
The doctor who sent me to the surgeon in Houston, Texas told me that they are not doing ligatures anymore, because transplants have improved since 1985, but this procedure does work, if you can find a surgeon who still does this procedure. Scalp artery ligatures is a legitimate surgery, it has a CPT code because it is done to improve seborrheic dermatitis, and hair loss reduction was noticed. We all know that Testosterone causes the sebaceous glands to overproduce sebum, which causes hair loss. If a man is castrated, he will not go bald. Testosterone is the culprit with male pattern hair loss.
I had ligatures of my temporal and occipital scalp arteries back in 1985, and my hair loss stopped. It’s a very simple procedure, it only takes about 90 minutes, and the pain is minimal. While I did not regrow any hair, my hair lose completely stopped, and I still have about 90 percent of my hair. This procedure also improved the fronal hair quality, making it more supple and dark brown, when some of my frontal hair was crispy and orange. I am very happy with this procedure
Ligatures reduces blood ”irrigation”, not circulation. I had ligatures to my temporal and occipital scalp arteries 32 years ago, and I stopped losing my hair. At age 56 I still have about 90 percent of my hair, and it’s healthier since having the ligatures.
Hi, I’m another who has had ligation of the scalp arteries. Specifically the superficial temporal arteries on both sides. In my case, the reason for doing so was that they were both extremely prominent and visible running up the sides of my forehead and I did not like the appearance.
Coincidentally, I do suffer from both male pattern baldness and seborrheic dermatitis. Neither of which were reasons that I had this procedure done.
Unfortunately the procedure does not seemed to have alleviated either in any noticeable way. The dermatitis persists and the male pattern baldness continues to progress at about the same pace as before, which was fairly slow. I’m about a NW 2-2.5 with diffuse thinning throughout the scalp.
While the appearance of the prominent temporals was removed, I now have a prominent and pulsating artery running up the middle of my forehead, emerging from my right eyebrow and running up my forehead and disappearing into my hairline. I’ve come to learn this is my right supratrochlear artery and should not normally be visible. Whether it grew in response to the blood flow being cut off in the superficial temporals or not is in question.
I had this procedure done in July 2013. The new artery appeared just late last year 2016.
Well that’s my story, don’t know if it will be of use to anyone.
Very interesting. Thanks. Please keep us updated in future.
I had these ligatures done over 32 years ago and I stopped losing my hair. At age 56 I have 90 percent of my hair, which is very thick, full and dark. The arterial irrigation is replaced with capillary irrigation. One time at work a took hit me on the crown of my head. Not knowing, I cut my scalp and my hair was full of blood. So, the ligatures did not reduce my circulation. I still have excellent scalp circulation. Doctors stopped performing ligatures with all the newer forms of hair transplantation, but this procedure definitely worked for me. No pain, nothing feels different after 32 years
When you have ligatures of the superficial scalp arteries, the capillaries take over and transport the blood to the top of the scalp, so that total scalp circulation is only reduced by 20 percent, but the testosterone is greatly reduced. I had ligatures done to my temporal and occipital scalp arteries 34 years ago, and I still have 90 percent of my hair. The ligatures worked. My crown is as thick as when I was an adolescent, I still have Dennis The Menace hair there.
I am living proof that ligatures of the superficial scalp arteries works. I had this procedure done 35 years ago and today, at age 59 I still have 90 percent of my hair. The procedure really works
The improvement is not from the ligature, its from the incision into the muscle.