Bimatoprost Results are Finally Out

At the beginning of this year, I published a detailed post on Allergan’s Bimatoprost product. In that post, I stated the following:

My feeling is that Bimatoprost may result in slightly superior results to Minoxidil, but nothing extraordinary.

I am pleased as well as disappointed to say that I was correct (read the rest of this post). At the end of January 2015, Allergan finished its phase II clinical trials regarding using Bimatoprost to treat scalp hair loss.

Update: January 18, 2022 — Preparation of topical Bimatoprost with enhanced skin infiltration for hair growth.

Bimatoprost Hair Growth
Bimatoprost hair growth mechanism. Source: FASEB Journal, Randall et al, Feb 2013.

Allergan Releases Bimatoprost Results

On November 4, Allergan published two interesting pdfs on its website (can no longer be downloaded). On pages 16 and 17 of one of those pdfs, there is a surprising and unexpected summary of the initial results of using Bimatoprost to treat people with hair loss. I am assuming that these results are from the earlier mentioned clinical trials.

Update: March 2016 official safety and efficacy clinical trial results.

It seems like Bimatoprost 1% and Bimatoprost 3% both result in slightly superior hair growth in comparison to Minoxidil 5%. This is based on an “Expert Panel Review” and based on an “Investigator Global Assessment.”  Hopefully the experts and investigators involved in those reviews are unbiased and not employed or funded by Allergan.

Funnily enough, Bimatoprost 1% has slightly better results than the higher dose Bimatoprost 3% according to the “Expert Panel Review”. However, the “Investigator Global Assessment” finds the opposite to be true as one would have expected. When it comes to actual volunteer opinions based on non-scientific self-assessments, Minoxidil results seemed to be slightly better than Bimatoprost results.

We Have Become Spoilt

The overall mood of hair loss forum members regarding this news has been slightly pessimistic per my analysis. This is a bit surprising considering that to date there have only ever been two FDA approved drugs to treat hair loss on the market: Finasteride and Minoxidil. Bimatoprost will match or slightly exceed the results of one of those two (Minoxidil), and work via a different mechanism.

Just a few years ago, millions of people around the world were delighted that Minoxidil (Rogaine brand) was finally released in a foam version. The old liquid version was extremely irritating for many people and often dripped down people’s foreheads. Last year, women were also pleased that Rogaine had finally released a 5% version for females. All in all, there are numerous people out there who find Minoxidil to be very useful to slow their hair loss progression and sometimes even halt it entirely. I hope that Bimatoprost finds similar success.

At the same time, I can also understand some of the pessimism. In today’s extremely fast paced world, groundbreaking medical and technological advances are announced on a weekly basis (and popular smartphone brands come out with new versions every year). Many hair loss sufferers expect a 100 percent foolproof hair loss cure immediately. Nothing less is worth getting excited over.

While not particularly impressed by these results, I am still pleased that we could finally have a third FDA approved weapon in the fight against hair loss. And one that acts via an entirely different mechanism (prostamide F2α analog) to Finasteride or Minoxidil. With hopefully even fewer side effects.

Bimatoprost and Allergan Notes

— Even if Bimatoprost does consistently produce superior results to Minoxidil with no significant side effects, we are still at least 2-3 years away from actual product release. However, lower dose versions of Bimatoprost have already been in use for eyelash growth (via the brand name Latisse) for a few years now. I am guessing that some hair loss forum members will continue to try to make their own higher dose versions and play around with topical delivery mechanisms for the scalp. Do note that the current cost of Bimatoprost makes it very prohibitive at higher doses.

— In my post on Allergan from a month ago, I was thinking that it was worth buying the company’s stock. Since then, AGN has gone up by 10 percent. The main reason for this is due to the fact that the world’s largest drug company, Pfizer, has recently expressed interest in purchasing Allergan for $160 billion.

The primary reason given is that Pfizer would then benefit by drastically lowering its tax bill by adopting Allergan’s headquarters in Ireland. The US corporate tax rate is 35%, while Ireland’s corporate tax rate is 12.5%. However, it remains to be seen if the US government will allow Pfizer to get even bigger than it already is and also pay far less taxes to Uncle Sam. Update: Merger plans cancelled in 2016.

— Allergan plans to commence further clinical trials for Bimatoprost on scalp hair in the first quarter of 2016.

Fully Bald Areas of the Scalp can Regenerate Hair

Over the years, the most intriguing question in the online hair loss world has been whether totally bald areas of the scalp (i.e., sections that have been devoid of any terminal hair for many years) can regrow that long-lost hair.

Historically, the answer to this question was a bit discouraging, although no-one was ever entirely sure. For decades, there have always been anecdotal cases of people who regenerated some of their long-lost hair.

The one encouraging factor has always been that even totally bald areas of the scalp still seem to have all the hair follicles intact. They are just way too miniaturized (vellus) to be easily seen with the naked eye, even at close-up. The one discouraging factor has been that progenitor cells in balding areas seem to be depleted.

Finasteride and Minoxidil Rarely Regrow Long-Lost Hair

Having seen 100s of before and after Finasteride and Minoxidil online photos during the past dozen or so years, I rarely ever saw any truly spectacular results that clearly showed a totally bald man regrowing healthy robust hair.

To me, even most of the excellent before and after photos seemed to suggest that the hair that was regenerating was probably lost in the past few years (since the photos typically involved younger people or those with limited hair loss in the before photos).

In the rare event that long-lost hair is regrowing from these drugs, the new hair tends to be very thin and short, offering sparse coverage. It is still worth your time in checking out before and after Finasteride and/or Minoxidil patient photos.

Dutasteride will Sometimes Regrow Long-Lost Hair

The best current medication to treat hair loss is Dutasteride (brand name Avodart). As of year-end 2015, only South Korea and Japan had officially approved this drug to treat hair loss. In other countries, for the time being it is only approved to treat benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH — aka enlarged prostates) in men.

The side effects of Dutasteride are worse than those of Finasteride. However, it should be noted that people with enlarged prostates usually take much higher doses of Finasteride and Dutasteride in comparison to people who are using these drugs to treat hair loss, and I have yet to hear of any enlarged prostate patients dying from side effects after taking Dutasteride at high doses.

When Dutasteride first came out in 2002, there was a level of excitement in the online hair loss forums that was never before witnessed and that has probably never since been witnessed. I know, because I have followed the online hair loss forums for around 15 years, with only brief breaks during that time when I was busy with less interesting things in my life.

In the early 2000s, a doctor by the name of Marty Sawaya claimed that her elderly test patient Dr. Monahan regrew hair that had been lost for decades. She even had a stunning before and after photo as proof. Recently, the Rasssman blog also posted about this phenomenon.

In any event, it has now been well over a decade since Dutasteride came out, and tens of thousands of people have tried the drug to treat androgenetic alopecia. Results have generally been superior to that of Finasteride, but very few people have seen significant quantity and quality of regrowth of long-lost hair.

It is nevertheless worth reading some of the before and after Dutasteride testimonials on this site, as many are extremely encouraging for those who have not lost too much of their hair yet or have only been losing their hair for five or so years.

Moreover, on various drug review websites, a number of very old patients who take the drug (Avodart) for BPH have also posted that they sometimes regrew hair that had been gone for many decades. I do not think that any of these older gentlemen ever came close to regrowing their childhood hairline. Nevertheless, I have seen enough testimonials from older people to suggest that regenerating some long-lost hair is possible with Dutasteride.

Male-to-Female (MTF) Transsexual Experiences

Even Castration plus Estrogen plus Spironolactone will usually not regrow robust hair in bald regions

I have covered male-to-female (MTF) transsexuals a few times on this blog. The ones who transition at a later age after having lost much of their scalp hair are an especially fascinating subject for me. Unfortunately, once men have lost hair for many years, even castration PLUS estrogen supplementation PLUS Spironolactone during the conversion process to becoming female rarely regrows thick hair in bald areas of the scalp.

Although it seems like she was not castrated, I highly recommend reading about the famous hair loss forum member and MTF transsexual Danielle Hallett.

This phenomenon is a bit discouraging for me. If even men who remove their testicles (which are 100 percent responsible for male pattern hair loss) cannot usually regrow long-lost scalp hair (at least not to original density and thickness levels), we are in trouble. Removing your testicles will completely halt any further hair loss and sometimes regrow hair that has been lost in recent years.

Some Unusual Cases

  •  It should be noted that there is one image I have seen of Spironolactone by itself regrowing long-lost hair in an elderly gentleman. However, the new hair is not too long and this phenomenon does not seem to be a common occurrence. Below is that image taken from a full version of this study that I can’t seem to link to directly (google for it):
Hair Regrowth in Old Man
Reversal of baldness in old man after Spironolactone use.
  • There are also some MTF transsexual cases that I have seen where people have regrown hair that they lost 5-10 years beforehand. Most of these people take an assortment of feminizing drugs and are often also castrated. For example, MTF transsexual “recidingyt” on hairlosstalk saw spectacular results and regrew hair that she had already lost between 5-7 years earlier. However, her regimen consists of way too many products (some of which help make you female). She takes Minoxidi, Finasteride, Nizoral, Spironolactone, Estradiol, Progesterone and Biotin, while also performing dermarolling on her scalp. This extensive regimen is unrealistic and ill-advised if you are a man who wishes to remain male.

PRP does not Regrow Long-Lost Hair

There has been a lot of hoopla over platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatments regrowing scalp hair in recent years. However, my feeling is that there is no way that PRP will grow hair on totally bald regions of the scalp. In fact, there is not even yet any sufficiently reliable evidence that PRP can regrow hair that was lost just 1-2 years ago.

At best, PRP seems to make existing hair stronger and perhaps reverse very recent miniaturization of follicles. Even several doctors who offer PRP have told me an approximate version of this story. It should be noted that most doctors who offer PRP do seem to believe that it offers at least modest benefits to the majority of treated patients’ scalp hair.

Reduction in Progenitor Cells, but not in Hair Stem Cells

In 2011, a famous study came out that concluded that totally bald scalps do not have fewer hair follicle stem cells, but rather, fewer specialized progenitor cells. The authors concluded that “understanding the signals responsible for transition of stem cells to progenitor and more differentiated cells will be the next step in developing new treatments for skin disorders.”

Although upon initial examination this seems like good news, it would only be so if scientists can figure out how to increase the progenitor cell population, ideally without any kind of new cell injections. Many hair loss forum members think that this can already be done, but I am not so sure and have not tried to do much research into this. Update: In a comment to this post, Nic said the following: “You can increase your progenitor cells by using Stemoxydine, LiCL after rolling or topical VPA. I’m personally using Stemox and LiCL and it works!” No idea about this, but sounds interesting.

Until 2013, the numerous publicly viewable online before and after Dutasteride results and before and after MTF transsexual results were proof enough for me that any scalp hair lost over 5-10 years ago was highly unlikely to ever grow back, especially not in terms of roust length and thickness. I thought that perhaps long-lost hair can never be regrown and the only hope is to wait till hair cloning or hair multiplication materialize?

Then my thinking changed in 2014. I discovered older neglected reports of miraculous hair regrowth on totally bald scalps (see below). Moreover, this new information was further bolstered by all the recent hysteria surrounding JAK inhibitors (which have cured alopecia areata in many people) potentially working on androgenetic alopecia patients too.

Burnt Scalp Regrows Long-Lost Hair

I have frequently read about how wounding could regrow long-lost hair and even wrote a post on dermarolling in 2013. However, the results of this self-injury are far from convincing, perhaps hindered by the fact that the injury has to occur in a very specific and well defined manner (also see my somewhat related post on Quorum Sensing).

Then last year I discovered a case study in which the authors discussed an old man who burnt his scalp badly and thereafter regrew a lot of hair in the burnt region that had been devoid of hair for decades! Below is the article and photo pasted from here. Also note the unusual story of a guy who regrew his hair after being struck by lightening.

Scalp Burning Hair Regeneration
Hair growth after a burn injury.

Wound Healing Grows Brand New Hair

A 2018 report from China proved wound induced hair follicle neogenesis. An 80-year-old patient had a large wound on the scalp after excision of a basal cell carcinoma. This patient’s wound healed very well aesthetically. Surprisingly, 180 days after the initial wound, a single hair was observed to be growing from the center of the wound. The hair remained black at 42-month follow-up. A company named Follica is working on wound induced hair follicle regrowth.

Benaxoprofen Regrew Long-Lost Hair in 1982

Last year’s biggest news involved two JAK inhibitor anti-inflammatory drugs curing alopecia areata (AA) in humans, with uncertainty about their benefit to the vast majority of hair loss patients suffering from androgenic alopecia (AGA). This uncertainty prevails even today.

However, the strange thing is that as far back as 1982 an article was published that discussed how an anti-inflammatory drug called Benaxoprofen regrew hair in a 75 year old patient who had been suffering from androgenic alopecia for 30 years. I covered this highly important issue in a post last year. There were no before and after photos of this patient, but the article appeared in the prestigious British Medical Journal and seems believable.

Unfortunately, Benoxaprofen was later banned in the US due to major side effects:-(

Topical Diclofenac 3% Gel for Actinic Keratosis Regrows Long-Lost Hair

A study from 2015 fund that topical Diclofenac 3% gel for treating actinic keratosis (also called “solar keratosis”) resulted in three elderly patients regrowing some long-lost hair.

Key quotes:

— “Diclofenac 3% gel is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, resulting in decreased production of PGs (prostaglandins) and MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases).”

— “COX-2 has a key function in the prostaglandins pathway, converting AA (arachidonic acid) to PGH2, from which PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 are produced by specific synthase enzymes. Recent publications demonstrate that PGs are implicated in hair growth regulation.”

Ruxolitininb & Tofacitinib Hair Regrowth for Alopecia Areata

Of course we all know a lot about JAK inhibitors these days. Will they work on male pattern baldness too? I rated the chances at 5/10 in my recent very popular post on this subject (Update: also see my posts in June 2016 regarding Alcaris Therapeutics).

Based on the earlier mentioned experiences with Benaxoprofen, I am optimistic that at least some people will see hair that has been gone for decades regrow when taking these JAK inhibitors. It remains to be seen if the topical formulations of these drugs get faster FDA approval in the next few years because of the oral versions already having been approved.

Note: Also see this interesting patent from 2014 where there is a lot of discussion about JAK inhibitors and their potential positive impact on alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia as well as skin generation.

Hair Growth from Cyclosporin A and FK506 Immunosuppressants

A study from all the way back in 1994 found that Cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506 (both of which suppress the immune system) led hair regrowth. Key quote:

“The hair growth stimulating effect of CsA is observed not only in normal but also in pathological conditions of hair growth, i.e. in patients with alopecia areata and also in some patients with male-pattern alopecia. Although hypertrichosis is induced by both topical and oral administration of CsA, there has been no report showing that FK506 induces hypertrichosis. Recently we have found that topical application of FK506 to skins of mice, rats and hamsters markedly stimulates hair growth. This hair growth stimulating effect of FK506 is observed when applied topically, but not by oral administration, even with a dose which causes marked immunosuppression.”

Very interesting, since the previously mentioned recent news from 2014-2015 suggests that topical JAK inhibitors might help patients with androgenetic alopecia, but oral ones will almost certainly not.